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Seaweed biomass has been hydrolysed to fermentable sugars by using optimized loadings of commercial enzymes or novel recombinant enzymes, and chemically by using organic acids, mineral acids and alkaline agents. The MacroFuels target of a total of fermentable sugars of 60 g/l in the hydrolysate could be achieved by upgrading the sugar hydrolysate with membrane filtration and ion-exclusion chromatography to remove the salts and increase the sugar concentrations.